文章內容

實現scp傳送不需要密碼

發布時間: 2012/9/15 20:38:26

由于昨天要從A服務器想B服務器傳送一個200G的數據庫文件，所以打算晚上進行后臺自動傳送，但是scp這個命令執行時需要密碼，導致nohup無法實現，所以決定寫個腳本讓其后臺執行，但是輸入密碼這個環節必須去掉，所以想到了建立雙機信任這個功能：

我們可以通過在A主機上生成公鑰，然后放到B主機上，以后則在A主機需要ssh連接B主機就不需要密碼了！

Linux/Unix雙機建立信任教程

一需要建立信任關系的2臺主機都執行生成密鑰
輸入ssh-keygen -t rsa之后全部默認回車，這樣就會在/root/.ssh下生成密鑰文件

[root@platform_iks .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
63:9f:6e:8b:98:49:e3:a2:bc:49:8a:a1:d5:1b:03:3a root@platform_iks.internal.lietou.com
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
| |
| |
| |
| |
| . S |
| . o . o . |
|E o + o o |
|oB ..* = o. |
|+ =o..= ..o. |
+-----------------+

二查看~/.ssh生成密鑰的文件

[root@platform_iks .ssh]# ll
總用量 12
-rw-------. 1 root root 1675 9月 14 10:46 id_rsa
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 419 9月 14 10:46 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2360 9月 10 15:53 known_hosts

三建立信任關系
1 A對B建立信任關系

[root@platform_iks .ssh]# scp -r id_rsa.pub 10.10.10.17:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@10.10.10.17's password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 419 0.4KB/s 00:00
[root@platform_iks .ssh]#

即：把A的公鑰（id_rsa.pub)拷貝到B，并修改id_rsa.pub 為 authorized_keys
此時需要輸入密碼（之前未建立信任關系），建立了客戶端到服務端的信任關系后，客戶端就可以不用再輸入密碼，就可以從服務端拷貝數據

四在B機器上執行同樣的操作

[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-keygen --help
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): ^C
[root@localhost .ssh]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
b3:b4:62:1b:5a:fb:8c:70:50:6c:22:aa:11:2e:01:23 root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|E |
|o. . |
|o . . + |
|.+ . + |
|+. . S |
|o. . . + |
|. . * o |
| * B |
| . +.o |
+-----------------+
[root@localhost .ssh]# ll
總用量 16
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 419 9月 14 10:52 authorized_keys
-rw-------. 1 root root 1671 9月 14 10:54 id_rsa
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 408 9月 14 10:54 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2357 9月 12 14:35 known_hosts
[root@localhost .ssh]# scp -r id_rsa.pub 10.10.10.20:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
root@10.10.10.20's password:
id_rsa.pub